WEST-E 051, ELL, Chapter 2-4

 Chapter 1 Linguistics

• Theory
• Linguistics and Culture
• Grammar and Parts of Speech

Chapter 2 Language Learning and Acquisition

• Theoretical Models of Second Language Learning and Acquisition
• First-Language Considerations
• Stages of Second-Language Acquisition
• Student Motivation in Second-Language Learning
• Language Modeling, Comprehensible Input, and Scaffolding
• Literacy

Cognate: （词或语言）同源的，同族的，同语系的  having the same origin as another word or language

Chapter 3 Instruction

• Instructional Theory

Direct Method, also called the natural method, is based on the principle that second languages should be acquired in much the same way as first languages. Don't confused it with direct instruction which means explicitly teaching or demonstrating skills to students.

Induction: according to Direct Method, students learn grammar through induction; that is they figure out the rules of the language as they acquire speaking and listening skills, learning through a combined process of imitation and trial and errors. A major weakness lies in Direct Method’s assumption that students can learn a second language the same way they learned their first.

• Program Models
• Teaching Techniques
• Materials
• Classroom Management

Chapter 4 Assessment

• Tests and Standards
• Appropriate Use of Tests
• Interpreting and Applying Assessment Results