ACTFL guideline and 5C

 ACTFL: American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages

The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines are a description of what individuals can do with language in terms of speaking, writing, listening, and reading in real-world situations in a spontaneous and non-rehearsed context. For each skill, these guidelines identify five major levels of proficiency: Distinguished, Superior, Advanced, Intermediate, and Novice. The major levels Advanced, Intermediate, and Novice are subdivided into High, Mid, and Low sublevels. The levels of the ACTFL Guidelines describe the continuum of proficiency from that of the highly articulate, well-educated language user to a level of little or no functional ability.

https://www.actfl.org/resources/actfl-proficiency-guidelines-2012

https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/guidelines/ACTFLProficiencyGuidelines2012.pdf

Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century

WORLD-READINESS STANDARDS FOR LEARNING LANGUAGES

The five “C” goal areas (Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, and Communities)

Level: Novice, Intermediate, Advanced, and Superior

https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/publications/standards/World-ReadinessStandardsforLearningLanguages.pdf

West E-100 Practice test

 6/10 questions from ExamEdge.com. I took on on April 8, 2021 without any knowledge on such subject

West E-100 Test

WEST–E Designated World Languages (100)

The endorsement in World Language (in addition to ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and Writing Proficiency Test (WPT)。 在美國 WA州 教中文，要參加WEST E 100 和 ACTFL  (OPI) and (WPT)考試。

https://www.west.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/WA100_TestPage.html

55 question multiple-choice test

Preparation Materials

https://www.west.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/WA100_PrepMaterials.html

Study Guide: Test Content and Sample Questions

• Section 1: Overview of the Program
• Section 2: WEST–E Test-Taking Strategies
• Section 3: Test Summary and Framework
• Section 4: Sample Multiple-Choice Questions

50% Language and Language Development

• Understand the structure, purposes, and uses of language.
• Understand processes and sequences in language development and concepts related to second language acquisition.
• Understand major concepts related to child and adolescent development and the individuality of language learners in the world language classroom.
• Understand the role of developmental stages and sequences in creating an appropriate and positive learning environment to meet the needs of all students.

50% Principles of World Language Instruction, Assessment, and Professional Development

• Demonstrate knowledge of principles of instruction in the world language classroom.
• Demonstrate knowledge of principles of assessment in the world language classroom.
• Understand language proficiency guidelines, performance characteristics of language learners, and the integration of standards in the world language classroom.
• Demonstrate knowledge of strategies for professional development.

West E-100 Preparation

The following is my note from 2021 CLTA WA Designated World Language E 100 workshop.pdf

• Mock E 100 test, see  https://sharonwu-startalk.weebly.com/ : 24 questions
• and Section 4: Sample Multiple-Choice Questions: total 16 questions
• https://sharonwuenglish.blogspot.com/2021/04/west-e-100-practice-test.html, 10 questions

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and other learning styles

• The 4 learning styles: Visual; Aural; Reading and writing; Kinesthetic
• The 8 multiple intelligences: Verbal-linguistic; Logical-mathematical; Visual-spatial; Musical; Naturalistic; Bodily-kinesthetic; Interpersonal; Intrapersonal.

According to the common underlying proficiency model (Cummins, 1981), as children acquire academic knowledge and skills in their first language, they also acquire language-independent information about those skills that can be applied when learning a second language.

Metalinguistic awareness, also known as metalinguistic ability, refers to the ability to consciously reflect on the nature of language. The concept of metalinguistic awareness is helpful in explaining the execution and transfer of linguistic knowledge across languages,

---my comment: I don't buy into this theory. I don't think my Chinese will help me learning English.

Pragmatics: the branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used

Also explore other branches: phonology, morphology, syntax

Speech acts: verbal actions that accomplish something: we greet, insult, compliment, plead, flirt, supply information, and get work done.

Conversational scaffolding

the caregiver is a linguistic model for the child

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development

Kinesthetic learning style

See Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences for other learning styles

Two world language methods based on movement:

• Total Physical Response (TPR): Total Physical Response (TPR) is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and it reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. The purpose of TPR is to create a brain link between speech and action to boost language and vocabulary learning.
• TPRS storytelling and movement

Resources

• On line methods course at https://coerll.utexas.edu/methods/
• Krashen’s resources http://www.sdkrashen.com/
• While We're On the Topic: BVP on Language, Acquisition, and Classroom Practice by Bill VanPatten, through ACTFL

Assessment

• Formative: while the learning is happening, checking in
• Summative: at the “end” of a learning segment, to see if students have met the target to then move to the next target

Writing skills over time

• maintaining individual portfolios of student writing samples that can be added to on a regular basis best answer

Planning by backward design:

• Start with the end in mind
• What do you want students to be able to DO with the language by the end of  a lesson/activity/unit?
• Determine relevant language objectives for the lesson

NCSSFL/ACTFL can do statements are are great resource! 

https://www.actfl.org/resources/ncssfl-actfl-can-do-statements

Resources

• TELL: http://www.tellproject.org/tools/further-reading/
• STARTALK
• ACTFL: www.actfl.org ; publications including The Keys to Planning for Learning

WEST-E 051, ELL, Ch5-6, Holistically, 整体地, polychronic culture

Chapter 5 Cultural Aspects

• Cultural Understanding
• Cultural Aspects That Affect Second-Language Acquisition
• English-Language Learners, and Teaching
• Cultural Awareness, Sensitivity, and Inclusion

Culture norms are the rules and standards a group uses to determine what are appropriate or inappropriate, expected, and accepted behaviors. 

Culture awareness has two components: 1) knowledge of and sensitivity to other cultures, and 2) understanding of how culture influences everyone. 

Migration means movement from one place to another, as in birds and people, and usually refers to a large group.

Immigration means movement from one place to another and sometimes refers to individuals and families.

American is used for United States because of brevity and ease, with eh caveat that South Americans might consider themselves Americans as well.

Proxemics: präkˈsēmiks. the branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel it necessary to set between themselves and others.

Chapter 6 Professional Aspects

• Legal and Ethical Issues
• Role of the ESL Teacher
• Professional Development

WEST-E 051, ELL, Chapter 2-4

 Chapter 1 Linguistics

• Theory
• Linguistics and Culture
• Grammar and Parts of Speech

Chapter 2 Language Learning and Acquisition

• Theoretical Models of Second Language Learning and Acquisition
• First-Language Considerations
• Stages of Second-Language Acquisition
• Student Motivation in Second-Language Learning
• Language Modeling, Comprehensible Input, and Scaffolding
• Literacy

Cognate: （词或语言）同源的，同族的，同语系的  having the same origin as another word or language

Chapter 3 Instruction

• Instructional Theory

Direct Method, also called the natural method, is based on the principle that second languages should be acquired in much the same way as first languages. Don't confused it with direct instruction which means explicitly teaching or demonstrating skills to students.

Induction: according to Direct Method, students learn grammar through induction; that is they figure out the rules of the language as they acquire speaking and listening skills, learning through a combined process of imitation and trial and errors. A major weakness lies in Direct Method’s assumption that students can learn a second language the same way they learned their first.

• Program Models
• Teaching Techniques
• Materials
• Classroom Management

Chapter 4 Assessment

• Tests and Standards
• Appropriate Use of Tests
• Interpreting and Applying Assessment Results

WEST-E 051, ELL, C1 Linguistics, Vocabulary

ELL: English Language Learners

Noam Chomsky, sometimes called "the father of modern linguistics, 

whose transformational grammar revolutionized the study of language by turning the focus away from semiotics and meaning, towards the system of rules that dictate proper sentence construction 

ELPA21: English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century

Test Prep and Practice Test Questions for the Washington Education Skills Test ELL (051) Exam

Book - 2016, 

371.120979 WES

Chapter 1 Linguistics

• Theory
• Linguistics and Culture
• Grammar and Parts of Speech

Chapter 2 Language Learning and Acquisition

• Theoretical Models of Second Language Learning and Acquisition
• First-Language Considerations
• Stages of Second-Language Acquisition
• Student Motivation in Second-Language Learning
• Language Modeling, Comprehensible Input, and Scaffolding
• Literacy

Chapter 3 Instruction

• Instructional Theory
• Program Models
• Teaching Techniques
• Materials
• Classroom Management

Chapter 4 Assessment

• Tests and Standards
• Appropriate Use of Tests
• Interpreting and Applying Assessment Results

Chapter 5 Cultural Aspects

• Cultural Understanding
• Cultural Aspects That Affect Second-Language Acquisition
• English-Language Learners, and Teaching
• Cultural Awareness, Sensitivity, and Inclusion

Chapter 6 Professional Aspects

• Legal and Ethical Issues
• Role of the ESL Teacher
• Professional Development

Vocabulary:

realia: objects and material from everyday life, especially when used as teaching aids.

Fossilization: refers to the point in second-language acquisition in which a learner's growth freeze in place and further linguistic development becomes highly unlikely. 

BICS: Basic interpersonal communication skills

CALP: Cognitive academic language proficiency

literal items refer directly back to the content of reading materials where the answer is defined word by word.

Inferential items, require the test taker to read between the lines in order to determine what an author is implying

phonemic awareness

morpheme [ˈmɔrˌfim]: 词素；语素the smallest unit of meaning that a word can be divided into

semiotics [ˌsemiˈɑtɪks] 符号学the study of signs and symbols and of their meaning and use

phoneme  [ˈfoʊˌnim] n.音位

grapheme [ˈɡræfim] 书写单位（语言书写系统的最小有意义单位）the smallest unit that has meaning in a writing system

phonics 语音教学法；拼读法 a method of teaching people to read based on the sounds that letters represent

Cognate: （词或语言）同源的，同族的，同语系的 having the same origin as another word or language

diphthong  二合元音；复元音；双元音；  combination of two vowel sounds or vowel letters

epenthesis  [ep'enθɪsɪs] 插入音

elision 省音 the act of leaving out the sound of part of a word when you are pronouncing it

labial  唇音的  a speech sound made with the lips, for example, pea and very

metathesis 易位(作用)；

connotation 隐含意义an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning

denotation 外延the act of naming sth with a word; the actual object or idea to which the word refers

conjugation  【语】动词的变化

appositive 同位的

orthography   （文字的）拼写体系，正字法   the system of spelling in a language

Chapter 1 Linguistics

• Theory
• Linguistics and Culture
• Grammar and Parts of Speech